Three Programs, Three Different Approaches to Transition

If you''re separating from the military and researching transition programs, you''ve probably encountered three overlapping terms: SkillBridge, Career Skills Programs (CSP), and registered apprenticeships. All three help you gain civilian work experience before or shortly after separation, but they differ significantly in structure, duration, eligibility, and outcomes. Choosing the right one — or the right combination — depends on your career goals, timeline, and branch of service.

The confusion is understandable. Even within the military, transition counselors sometimes use these terms interchangeably or explain them poorly. Some programs technically fall under multiple categories — a registered apprenticeship offered through the SkillBridge framework is both a SkillBridge and an apprenticeship simultaneously. Let''s untangle the differences so you can make an informed decision.

SkillBridge: The Civilian Internship Path

DoD SkillBridge is the broadest and most well-known transition program. It''s a DoD-level initiative that allows active duty service members to participate in civilian workforce training, internships, and employment skills programs during their last 180 days of service while continuing to receive full military pay and benefits.

Best for: Service members who want to intern with a specific company or industry and potentially convert that internship into a full-time job offer. SkillBridge is ideal if you know what career field you want to enter and want hands-on experience with an employer before your separation date.

Duration: Up to 180 days (6 months). Programs can be shorter — 90 or 120 days are common.

Format: Typically a direct placement with a civilian company, though some SkillBridge programs are training-focused (coding bootcamps, certification programs). You work for the company as an intern while remaining on active duty status.

Compensation: Full military pay and benefits continue. The company does not pay you. This is the key selling point for employers — they evaluate you at zero cost for up to six months.

Outcome: Many SkillBridge internships convert to full-time job offers. Conversion rates vary by company, but competitive programs frequently report 70%+ conversion rates.

Limitations: Requires command approval (not guaranteed), limited to the final 180 days of service, and not available to Guard/Reserve members unless on qualifying active duty orders.

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Career Skills Programs (CSP): The Service-Specific Track

Career Skills Programs are service branch-specific transition programs that predate SkillBridge and operate under slightly different authorities. The Army''s CSP is the most developed, but other branches have similar programs under different names.

Best for: Service members, particularly in the Army, who want structured training in a specific trade or skill area. CSPs are often more focused on training and skill development than direct company placement, making them ideal for career changers who need foundational skills in a new field.

Duration: Varies widely. Some CSPs are 6 weeks, others extend to 180 days. The Army CSP allows participation within the last 180 days of service, similar to SkillBridge.

Format: CSPs include a wider variety of formats than SkillBridge: trade training (welding, HVAC, CDL), technology training (cybersecurity, software development), entrepreneurship programs, and traditional internships. Many CSPs are run in partnership with local training providers, community colleges, or nonprofit organizations near military installations.

Compensation: Full military pay and benefits continue, identical to SkillBridge.

Outcome: CSPs focus on making you job-ready through skills training and industry certifications. Some include job placement assistance, but the direct-to-employment pipeline is generally weaker than SkillBridge''s company-specific internship model.

Limitations: Availability varies significantly by installation. Large bases like Fort Liberty, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, and Fort Cavazos have robust CSP offerings. Smaller installations may have limited or no CSP options. Like SkillBridge, CSP requires command approval.

Registered Apprenticeships: The Post-Service Career Builder

Registered apprenticeships are fundamentally different from SkillBridge and CSP because they''re not military programs — they''re Department of Labor programs available to anyone, with special provisions for veterans. While you can start some apprenticeships through SkillBridge during active duty, most veterans enter apprenticeships after separation.

Best for: Veterans who want to enter skilled trades, technical fields, or other occupations that require hands-on training combined with classroom instruction. Apprenticeships are particularly strong in construction, manufacturing, healthcare, IT, and the building trades.

Duration: Typically 1-4 years, depending on the occupation. This is significantly longer than SkillBridge or CSP, but the depth of training and the resulting credentials are proportionally more substantial.

Format: Structured combination of on-the-job training (OJT) with a sponsoring employer and related classroom instruction. You work and learn simultaneously, with progressive wage increases as your skills develop. The employer pays you throughout the apprenticeship.

Compensation: You receive wages from the employer (typically starting at 50-60% of the journey-level wage and increasing to full wage upon completion). Veterans using the GI Bill can receive a monthly housing stipend on top of their apprenticeship wages through the VA''s OJT/apprenticeship benefit — this can be a significant financial boost.

Outcome: Completion of a registered apprenticeship results in a nationally recognized credential — a journey worker certificate — that''s portable across employers and states. In many trades, this credential is the gold standard for employment.

Limitations: Longer time commitment than SkillBridge or CSP. Initial wages are lower than full employment. Availability depends on local employers and trade unions offering apprenticeship positions.

The GI Bill Advantage for Apprenticeships

Here''s something many veterans don''t realize: you can use your GI Bill benefits for registered apprenticeships. The VA pays a monthly housing stipend (similar to the Post-9/11 GI Bill BAH rate) that decreases over time as your apprenticeship wages increase. During the first 6 months, you receive 100% of the applicable housing rate. This drops to 80% in months 7-12, 60% in months 13-18, 40% in months 19-24, and 20% thereafter. Combined with your employer-paid wages, this can result in solid total compensation while you''re learning a high-value trade.

Head-to-Head Comparison

Here''s how the three programs stack up across the factors that matter most for your transition decision.

Timing: SkillBridge and CSP happen during your last 180 days of active duty. Apprenticeships typically start after separation (though some begin through SkillBridge). If you want pre-separation experience, SkillBridge or CSP is the answer. If you''re already separated or want longer-term development, apprenticeships win.

Direct employment pipeline: SkillBridge leads to direct employment most directly — you intern with a specific company that can hire you. CSP provides skills but not always a specific employer connection. Apprenticeships include employer placement by definition, but the employment relationship develops over years rather than months.

Career field change: If you''re staying in a field related to your military experience, SkillBridge''s direct company placement is powerful. If you''re changing fields entirely, a CSP training program or an apprenticeship gives you the foundational skills you might lack for the new career path.

Financial impact: SkillBridge and CSP maintain your full military pay — zero income disruption. Apprenticeships pay employer wages (lower initially) but can be supplemented with GI Bill benefits. Evaluate your financial situation and obligations when deciding which timeline works.

Credential outcomes: Apprenticeships result in nationally recognized journey worker credentials. Some CSPs include industry certifications (CompTIA, AWS, welding certs). SkillBridge typically results in work experience and references rather than formal credentials, though some SkillBridge training programs do include certifications.

Geographic flexibility: SkillBridge and CSP are limited by program availability and your duty station location (though remote programs expand SkillBridge options). Apprenticeships are available nationwide but concentrated in areas with strong trade union presence and employer participation.

How to Choose: Decision Framework by Situation

Still not sure which program fits? Here are recommendations based on common transition scenarios.

You know exactly what company you want to work for. Go SkillBridge. If that company offers a SkillBridge program, it's your fastest path to a job offer. You'll build relationships with the team, prove your value over months rather than minutes, and potentially have an offer letter in hand before your separation date.

You want to change career fields completely. Start with a CSP training program to build foundational skills and earn entry-level certifications. If time permits, follow it with a SkillBridge internship at a company in your new field. The certifications from CSP give you credibility that makes SkillBridge companies more willing to take a chance on a career changer.

You want to enter a skilled trade (electrician, plumber, HVAC, welding). Registered apprenticeships are your best long-term option. If available, use a CSP or SkillBridge program during active duty to get introductory training and make contacts in the trade. Then enter a registered apprenticeship after separation, using your GI Bill to supplement your wages during the learning period.

You want to enter tech (software development, cybersecurity, data analytics). SkillBridge with a tech company or a coding bootcamp CSP are both strong options. Companies like Amazon, Microsoft, and Salesforce have well-established SkillBridge programs specifically for tech roles. Coding bootcamp CSPs at major installations provide the training foundation if your military background isn't technical.

You're being medically separated and have limited planning time. Focus on whatever program you can access fastest. A 90-day SkillBridge or a short CSP is better than no transition program at all. If you're separating with a disability rating, look into VA Vocational Rehabilitation (Chapter 31) as a post-service option that can fund additional training, apprenticeships, or education.

Your command denied SkillBridge. CSPs may be easier to get approved for shorter durations. After separation, registered apprenticeships and VA Voc Rehab provide structured career development paths that don't require command approval at all.

You're a Guard or Reserve member coming off active orders. Your eligibility for SkillBridge and CSP depends on your order type and remaining time. Registered apprenticeships are available to all veterans regardless of component, making them the most accessible option for Guard and Reserve members.

Combining Programs: The Strategic Approach

These programs aren''t mutually exclusive. Many veterans combine them for maximum transition impact.

SkillBridge → Full-time job: The most common path. Intern through SkillBridge, convert to full-time employment, and you''re working in your new career the day after separation.

CSP training → SkillBridge internship: If your installation offers both, you might complete a shorter CSP training program (earning certifications) and then start a SkillBridge internship with a company that values those credentials.

SkillBridge → Apprenticeship: Use SkillBridge to explore a trade or industry, then transition into a registered apprenticeship after separation for deeper skill development. Some SkillBridge programs are specifically designed as on-ramps to registered apprenticeships.

CSP → Apprenticeship: Complete a CSP trade training program (like welding fundamentals) during active duty, then enter a registered apprenticeship after separation where your CSP training gives you a head start.

Also read the Army ETS checklist and when to start your job search.

Related: How to write a SkillBridge resume that gets you hired and the complete Army ETS checklist for 2026.

Explore SkillBridge: Find SkillBridge opportunities and build your application with BMR.